4. 地方千里,—this means, acc. to the comm. 彭縣,横千里, 直千里, 共一百万里也, "1,000 li in breadth,and 1,000 li in length, making an area of 1,000,000 li."On this, however, the following judgment is given by the editors of the imperial edition of the five king, of the present dynasty:—"Where we find the word square(方); we are not to think of an exact square, but simply that, on a calculation, the amount of territory is equal to so many square li. For instance, we are told by the minister Tsan that, at the western capital of Chow, the territory was 800 li square. The meaning is that there were so many squares of 100 li. At the eastern capital again, the territory was 600 li square, or so many squares of 100 li. Putting these two together, we get the total of a square of 1,000 li square. So in regard to the various states of the princes, we are to understand that, however their form might be varied by the hills and rivers, their area, in round numbers, amounted to so much." See in the Le-ke, III, 1, 2, where the text, however, is not at all perspicuous. 附,—"attached";庸,—"meritoriousness." These states were too small to bear the expenses of appearing before the emperor, and therefore the names and surnames of their chiefs were sent into court by the great princes to whom they were attached, or perhaps they appeared in their train. See on Ana., XVI, I, 1.